Structure – how that piece is structured/organised- so the acts in a play, the stanzas in a poem, the Acts of a play… you can also ‘zoom in’ a bit and look at rhyme schemes/word order in poems, paragraphs in prose, stage directions (exits and entrances) etc.

Language – the choice of words and their characteristics – typically things like alliteration, assonance, sibilance, the linguistic history of a word, onomatopoeia... but also things like semantic field, or just general observations on language type e.g. ‘He uses emotive language’ to…’

In an essay you should highlight the methods the author has used, and then explore/evaluate what the effects are and why you think they have been chosen.